Many different technologies have been and are being developed for biometric identification (1:N) and verification (1:1). No single biometric technology can provide an effective solution for every application. Therefore, different biometric technologies are used for different applications, or multimodal biometric approaches, which combine multiple biometric technologies, are used. Each biometric technology has a false acceptance rate (FAR) and a false rejection rate (FRR). A l

The word "biometrics" derives from the Greek words "bio" (life) and "metrics" (measurement). While automated biometric systems may appear relatively new given the rapid advances in information technology over the past decade, the conception of these technologies dates back hundreds, even thousands, of years. Since the dawn of humanity, human identification has begun with the most fundamental method: facial recognition. Many individuals are distinguished as known (familiar) or

KEC (Identity Access Device) is a piece of hardware that enables the secure verification of personal ID cards. It has become a standard in identity verification processes, particularly in public institutions, the banking sector, universities, and security checkpoints. It is used to verify that the ID card has been issued by the authorized institution and that the card really belongs to the holder, for applications that provide services in the electronic environment. Key